Has there ever been a righteous person?
The universal denial of righteousness in Romans conflicts with explicit descriptions of people who are righteous before God.
- Textual conflict
- Interpretive tension
- The passages pull in different directions, but the conflict depends on how their wording, scope, or narrative context is read.
- Importance
- Foundational
- A central claim about origins, salvation, divine justice, or religious authority.
Romans' sweeping denial contrasts with explicit righteous individuals, but the collection also treats righteousness as relative and compatible with later sin, leaving the moral standard uncertain.
An editorial assessment of the quoted passages. Importance describes the stakes; it does not increase certainty. Reading order weighs both.
Romans declares that no righteous person exists
What is man, that he should be clean? and he which is born of a woman, that he should be righteous?
Context affects the comparison
These are Eliphaz's words in a debate with Job. In Job 42:7, God rebukes Eliphaz and his friends for speaking wrongly about him. Attributing every statement in this speech directly to God would change the argument.
But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away.
Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say, He is righteous? yea, there is none that sheweth, yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that heareth your words.
As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one:
God and narrators identify particular people as righteous
By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.
And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds;)
Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord God.
Though Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live, saith the Lord God, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter; they shall but deliver their own souls by their righteousness.
And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly;
And the Lord said unto Noah, Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation.
Therefore the Lord hath recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight.
And they were both righteous before God, walking in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous. For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish.
The eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous, and his ears are open unto their cry.
For the eyes of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil.
Be glad in the Lord, and rejoice, ye righteous: and shout for joy, all ye that are upright in heart.
Rejoice in the Lord, O ye righteous: for praise is comely for the upright.
Rejoice in the Lord, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.
All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted.
I have been young, and now am old; yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed begging bread.
The Lord will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but he casteth away the substance of the wicked.
The righteous eateth to the satisfying of his soul: but the belly of the wicked shall want.
Fools make a mock at sin: but among the righteous there is favour.
Evil shall slay the wicked: and they that hate the righteous shall be desolate.
The righteous shall rejoice when he seeth the vengeance: he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked.
The righteous also shall see, and fear, and shall laugh at him:
He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous: he is a buckler to them that walk uprightly.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord, and he shall sustain thee: he shall never suffer the righteous to be moved.
That thou mayest walk in the way of good men, and keep the paths of the righteous.
The Lord preserveth the strangers; he relieveth the fatherless and widow: but the way of the wicked he turneth upside down.
For the froward is abomination to the Lord: but his secret is with the righteous.
The mouth of a righteous man is a well of life: but violence covereth the mouth of the wicked.
This gate of the Lord, into which the righteous shall enter.
For the rod of the wicked shall not rest upon the lot of the righteous; lest the righteous put forth their hands unto iniquity.
The labour of the righteous tendeth to life: the fruit of the wicked to sin.
The lips of the righteous feed many: but fools die for want of wisdom.
The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable: but the mouth of the wicked speaketh frowardness.
The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him: but the desire of the righteous shall be granted.
Let the righteous smite me; it shall be a kindness: and let him reprove me; it shall be an excellent oil, which shall not break my head: for yet my prayer also shall be in their calamities.
The hope of the righteous shall be gladness: but the expectation of the wicked shall perish.
The righteous shall never be removed: but the wicked shall not inhabit the earth.
Surely he shall not be moved for ever: the righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance.
The righteous is delivered out of trouble, and the wicked cometh in his stead.
When it goeth well with the righteous, the city rejoiceth: and when the wicked perish, there is shouting.
Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not be unpunished: but the seed of the righteous shall be delivered.
The desire of the righteous is only good: but the expectation of the wicked is wrath.
He that trusteth in his riches shall fall: but the righteous shall flourish as a branch.
Surely the righteous shall give thanks unto thy name: the upright shall dwell in thy presence.
The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he that winneth souls is wise.
Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wicked and the sinner.
Evil pursueth sinners: but to the righteous good shall be repayed.
A man shall not be established by wickedness: but the root of the righteous shall not be moved.
The wicked desireth the net of evil men: but the root of the righteous yieldeth fruit.
The thoughts of the righteous are right: but the counsels of the wicked are deceit.
It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment.
The wicked are overthrown, and are not: but the house of the righteous shall stand.
A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel.
The righteous is more excellent than his neighbour: but the way of the wicked seduceth them.
A righteous man hateth lying: but a wicked man is loathsome, and cometh to shame.
The light of the righteous rejoiceth: but the lamp of the wicked shall be put out.
The evil bow before the good; and the wicked at the gates of the righteous.
The wicked is driven away in his wickedness: but the righteous hath hope in his death.
In the house of the righteous is much treasure: but in the revenues of the wicked is trouble.
The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain.
The name of the Lord is a strong tower: the righteous runneth into it, and is safe.
The righteous man wisely considereth the house of the wicked: but God overthroweth the wicked for their wickedness.
The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous, and the transgressor for the upright.
He coveteth greedily all the day long: but the righteous giveth and spareth not.
The father of the righteous shall greatly rejoice: and he that begetteth a wise child shall have joy of him.
Lay not wait, O wicked man, against the dwelling of the righteous; spoil not his resting place:
A righteous man falling down before the wicked is as a troubled fountain, and a corrupt spring.
The wicked flee when no man pursueth: but the righteous are bold as a lion.
When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice: but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.
Better is the poor that walketh in his uprightness, than he that is perverse in his ways, though he be rich.
The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: but the wicked regardeth not to know it.
When the wicked are multiplied, transgression increaseth: but the righteous shall see their fall.
For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, are in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred by all that is before them.
All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth not: as is the good, so is the sinner; and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath.
Say ye to the righteous, that it shall be well with him: for they shall eat the fruit of their doings.
Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink: Which justify the wicked for reward, and take away the righteousness of the righteous from him!
Open ye the gates, that the righteous nation which keepeth the truth may enter in.
The righteous perisheth, and no man layeth it to heart: and merciful men are taken away, none considering that the righteous is taken away from the evil to come.
And the righteous men, they shall judge them after the manner of adulteresses, and after the manner of women that shed blood; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.
Therefore, thou son of man, say unto the children of thy people, The righteousness of the righteous shall not deliver him in the day of his transgression: as for the wickedness of the wicked, he shall not fall thereby in the day that he turneth from his wickedness; neither shall the righteous be able to live for his righteousness in the day that he sinneth.
Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not.
For I say unto you, That except your righteousness shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, ye shall in no case enter into the kingdom of heaven.
For verily I say unto you, That many prophets and righteous men have desired to see those things which ye see, and have not seen them; and to hear those things which ye hear, and have not heard them.
Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear, let him hear.
Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and fed thee? or thirsty, and gave thee drink?
And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.
Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.
He that is unjust, let him be unjust still: and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still: and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still.
Understanding the contradiction
Romans 3:10 declares that there is none righteous and emphasizes the claim with not one. That is stronger than saying righteousness is rare or that some apparently good people are corrupt. Genesis 7:1 directly has God tell Noah that he has found him righteous in his generation. Luke 1:6 calls its two subjects righteous before God and blameless in their observance. These are asserted examples, not merely human hopes of obtaining the status.
Other passages repeatedly treat the righteous as a real category who pray, receive protection, suffer injustice, or enter life. Ezekiel 14:14 names Noah, Daniel, and Job as possessing righteousness sufficient for their own deliverance. Some negative passages have narrower scope: Isaiah 64:6 is a collective confession, and Isaiah 41:26 asks about declaring events rather than clearly denying every righteous human. The direct comparison should therefore center on Romans' universal wording and the explicit counterexamples. Read with the same meaning of righteous, no person and these particular people cannot both describe the human population accurately.