ContradictionsReading order 37Bible context 3 min read
From which of David's sons was Jesus descended?
The two genealogies connect Jesus to David through different sons and substantially different intervening ancestors.
Textual conflict
Interpretive tension
The passages pull in different directions, but the conflict depends on how their wording, scope, or narrative context is read.
Importance
Foundational
A central claim about origins, salvation, divine justice, or religious authority.
Both genealogies attach competing Davidic branches and immediate fathers to Joseph, without identifying one as maternal or providing different kinds of descent.
An editorial assessment of the quoted passages. Importance describes the stakes; it does not increase certainty. Reading order weighs both.
Matthew traces Joseph's ancestry through David's son Solomon
And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias; And Solomon begat Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa; And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias; And Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias; And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon begat Josias; And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon: And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel; And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor; And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud; And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob; And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
Luke traces Joseph's ancestry through David's son Nathan
And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli, Which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, which was the son of Melchi, which was the son of Janna, which was the son of Joseph, Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Amos, which was the son of Naum, which was the son of Esli, which was the son of Nagge, Which was the son of Maath, which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Semei, which was the son of Joseph, which was the son of Juda, Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri, Which was the son of Melchi, which was the son of Addi, which was the son of Cosam, which was the son of Elmodam, which was the son of Er, Which was the son of Jose, which was the son of Eliezer, which was the son of Jorim, which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi, Which was the son of Simeon, which was the son of Juda, which was the son of Joseph, which was the son of Jonan, which was the son of Eliakim, Which was the son of Melea, which was the son of Menan, which was the son of Mattatha, which was the son of Nathan, which was the son of David,
Matthew 1:6-16 moves forward from David through Solomon and a succession of ancestors to Jacob, Joseph, Mary, and Jesus. The repeated verb 'begat' presents a chain of descent. Luke 3:23-31 moves backward from Jesus through Joseph and Heli to Nathan and David. Reading the lists in the same direction exposes the central difference. Matthew's branch begins with Solomon, whereas Luke's begins with Nathan.
The disagreement extends beyond that first branch. Joseph's preceding ancestor is Jacob in Matthew and Heli in Luke, and most intervening names differ. Both lists include Salathiel and Zorobabel, but that overlap does not make the surrounding chains identical. Matthew identifies Joseph as Mary's husband, and Luke qualifies Jesus' relationship to Joseph as supposed; neither excerpt labels its genealogy as Mary's. The comparison therefore gives two different ancestral chains attached to Joseph and used to locate Jesus within David's family. The supplied texts do not explain the competing branches or provide a distinct kind of genealogy for each one.